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Primary Sources (United States History)

This guide is an introduction to what primary sources are in the field of history, how to use primary sources, how to read and transcribe original documents and links to on-line primary sources by historic topic.

On the Internet

You can find images and reprints of many primary sources online, as well as information about where to find physical items in libraries and museums. Like any source of information, be careful that you only use trusted sites to ensure the materials you access are authentic. Trusted institutions include

  • University Libraries
  • Museums, Historical Societies, and other cultural heritage institutions
  • Government archives

See the Primary Source Collections Page for trusted websites chosen by IOT Library Team.

Be cautious of personal websites that may be difficult to verify that the item is what it claims to be.

Trusted Primary Sources Institutions

Archives Directory for the History of Collecting in America

A database of dealer and collector archives consolidating information about repositories, dealers, collectors, and dealer archives (including dealer photograph archives). This tool provides essential information for scholars working in the fast-growing field of the history of collecting.

Archives Hub

Use the Archives Hub to find unique sources for your research, both physical and digital. Search across descriptions of archives, held at over 350 institutions across the UK.

British Library of Illuminated Manuscripts

Find and view descriptions and images of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts in the British Library. Explore virtual exhibitions and digitized manuscripts.

California Historical Society Digital Library

An online archive of digitized primary sources from the CHS Collection.

The Getty Research Institute

The Getty Research Institute is an international center, dedicated to providing resources, expertise, and a collaborative environment for art-historical research and publication. Through the generous support of organizations and collaboration with external partners, the Research Institute continues its mission to further knowledge and to advance understanding of the visual arts.

Google Arts & Culture Collections

Google has partnered with museums and other collections around the world to showcase their collections online. Search by location, collection, theme, experiments, artists, mediums, historical events, historical figures, etc.

HathiTrust Digital Library

A preservation repository with millions of volumes digitized by Google, the Internet Archive, and HathiTrust’s partner institutions. Approximately one-third of the volumes are in the public domain and can be viewed in their entirety.

Internet Archive

Internet Archive is a non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, software, music, websites, and more.

Library of Congress Digital Collections

Large collections of digitized materials from the Library of Congress are available online.

Library & Information Resources Network LIRN

A federated search solution by searching multiple databases from different vendors for Library Resources and Service in one centralized location.

The Met (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Collection

More than 406,000 images of public-domain artworks from The Met (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Collection are available for free and unrestricted use.

Smithsonian Institution Research Information System : SIRIS.

Features records comprising the national Inventory of American Painting and Sculpture databases, the Peter A. Juley & Son Collection, and the Pre-1877 Art Exhibition Catalogue index.

State Digital Resources: Memory Projects, Online Encyclopedias, Historical & Cultural Materials Collections

The Library of Congress Digital Collections, Primary Sources by State, State Resource Guides, and other digital initiatives provide free access through the Internet to the treasures of the Library’s collections that document America’s history, culture, and creativity. Across the country, the archives, cultural institutions, museums, and libraries of most states are collaborating to create similar projects. They provide unprecedented access to materials that document local and regional growth and development as well as a look at the cultures and traditions that have made individual states and communities unique.